LIPA Numer 7 Maj 15, 1995
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LIPA w hypertekscie: mosaic http://www.iopan.gda.pl/lipa.html
Systematycznie o polnocy Markiza specjalnym
kluczem nakrecala Symfoniusza, swego poczciwego kamerdynera, ktory
dokladnie, donosnym kukaniem oznajmial mijajaca godzine.
Symfoniusz chodzil bez naprawy dlugie lata, jadal malo, byl punktualny.
W ciagu dnia stal na postumencie w salonie chinskim, noca mogl spoczac na
krzesle, ktore mu podstawiono. Codziennie sama Markiza miotelkami
z pior papug panamskich strzepywala z niego kurz, ktory mimo czystosci
jaka utrzywywano w palacu gromadzil sie w faldach jego
ubrania, w dziurkach od nosa, usznych malzowinach. Chodzil dokladniej
niz slynne zegarki norymberskie i kukal bardzo donosnie.
Wyobrazcie sobie, ze kiedy Markiza zapomniala go nakrecic, Symfoniusz sam,
przejety swoja role i dobrze wychowany kukal jak gdyby nic nie zaszlo.
Bo Symfoniusz byl zegarem rozumnym.
Pewnego dnia Symfoniusz popsul sie. Peklo cos we wnetrzu Symfoniusza.
Nie dokukal godziny dwunastej. Markiza zarzadzila, aby wyniesiono
poczciwca na strych, gdzie staly juz inne popsute zegary. ("Piwnica pod Baranami").
Od edytora (pflatau@ucsd.edu)
Dzis o studiach magisterskich i doktoranckich z fizyki atmosfery i oceanologii w Stanach. Rzecz bedzie na przykladzie wydzialu fizyki atmosfery w Colorado State University - dlatego bo to jest jeden z lepszych wydzialow fizyki atmosfery w Stanach.
Po angielsku - informacja. Po polsku - moje komentarze.
Studia magisterskie i doktoranckie w Stanach - Czesc I
DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Programs of Study
(PJF: Po pierwsze w Amerykanie uwielbiaja skroty. A wiec M.S. to Master of Science czyli polskie magisterium. Ph.D. to doktorat. Na studia magisterskie idzie sie po czterech latach studiow. Po czterach latach studiow dostaje sie B.S. -batchelor of science. Uwaga: polskie magisterium nie jest uznawane powszechnie w Stanach za rownowazne amerykanskiemu - ma to pewne, male, konsekwencje. Chodzi o to, ze polskie magisterium trwa 5 lat, a amerykanskie 6).
The Department of Atmospheric Science offers programs leading to
the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Full-time students typically complete
the M.S. in four semesters and the Ph.D. in four years beyond the
B.S. degree. Students working part-time normally require two
years for the M.S. and four to six years beyond the B.S. for a
Ph.D.
(PJF: Czyli magisterium powinno byc skonczone po dwoch latach, a doktorat po czterech latach od ukonczenia studiow. W praktyce konczy sie doktorat w trzy/cztery lata po ukonczeniu magisterium. Jest mozliwe zrobienie doktoratu bez magisterium. Full-time to jest okolo 15 kredytow, a kredyt to 2 godziny wykladu. Part-time student to 6-9 kredytow.)
Active academic and research programs are offered in the
fields of dynamic meteorology, general circulation and climate
modeling, tropical meteorology and tropical cyclones, mesoscale
meteorology, weather modification, cloud and precipitation
physics, cumulus convection and cloud dynamics, atmospheric
chemistry and air pollution, satellite meteorology, airborne
meteorological instrumentation, theoretical and dynamic
meteorology, atmospheric radiation, remote sensing, global,
regional and local climatology, and mountain meteorology.
(PJF: Czyli sa profesorowie, ktorzy pracuja nad meteorologia dynamiczna,
ogolna cyrkulacja atmosfery, meteorologia tropikalna i huraganami,
meteorologia mezoskalowa, modyfikacja pogody, fizyka chmur i opadow, dynamika
chmur, chemia atmosfery i zanieczyszczeniami, transportem promieniowania,
teledetekcja, klimatologia, meteorologia gorska. Kilka dobrych
wydzialow meteorologii w Stanach stara sie reprezentowac calosc fizyki
atmosfery. Inne, nie mniej dobre, specjalizuja sie. Czesc wydzialow jest
taka sobie.)
Research Facilities
(PJF: Tu jest opis tego co wydzial ma. A wiec swoj budynek. Odbiorniki satelitarne. Hardware i software do wyswietlania danych radarowych. Analize danych pogodowych. Instrumenty do prac polowych: radar, radiometry, instrumenty do sondazy atmosferycznych. Dostep do komputerow. Kontakty z amerykanskim instytutem meteorologii. Pewne rzeczy sa oczywiste - takie jak dostep do sieci).
The Department of Atmospheric Science is located on the CSU
Foothills campus. The four-story Atmospheric Science Building and
several smaller buildings provide over 37,000 square feet of
office and research space. Academic and research facilities
include a geosynchronous satellite receiving station; extensive
hardware and software systems for the display and analysis of
satellite and radar data; a digital weather laboratory; a cloud
simulation laboratory; an extensive field observation system
including a 10 cm doppler dual polarization radar; a UHF doppler
wind profiler with a Radio Acoustic Sounding System; rawinsonde
and tethered balloon systems; infrared and visible
interferometers and spectral radiometers; multiple surface energy
budget stations; towers; and electronics and machine shops.
Extensive computer resources are available ranging from PC's to
super work stations capable of running complex atmospheric
models. Convenient access to the Internet through CSU's fiber
optic campus backbone and to other supercomputers throughout the
United States through WestNET and NSFNET is provided. The
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) has
been formed between CSU and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). CIRA research programs are typically
interdisciplinary and involve students and faculty from the
Department of Atmospheric Science, other CSU departments and NOAA
scientists.
(PJF: Za studia magisterskie i doktoranckie w naukach scislych zazwyczaj sie nie placi. Przeciwnie, dostaje sie za to pieniadze. Dziala to tak. Pracuje sie "half-time", czyli 20 godzin tygodniowo. Studiuje sie "half-time" czyli tez 20 godzin tygodniowo. Placi profesor - za to, ze wykonuje sie jego projekt badawczy. Stypendium wynosi $1055-$1099 dla magistrantow, i $1120-$1190 dla doktorantow - miesiecznie. Oplate za studia "tuition" placi profesor ("tuition waiver"). Przez lato (trzy miesiace) dostaje sie "full-time" employment - czyli $2100-$2380/miesiecznie. Pewne oplaty, ale male, trzeba zaplacic samemu - te $297.27 za semestr).
Aid for some qualified students is available in the form of
research assistantships. For the 1994-95 academic year, graduate
assistantship half-time stipend rates were $1055-$1093 per month
for M.S. students and $1120-$1190 per month for Ph.D. students,
including a tuition waiver. Graduate assistants pay a special
registration and fees assessment, which totaled $292.27 per
semester, plus a tech fee of $125.00. Full-time summer employment
is also generally available. Research assistants are assigned to
a research project consistent with their area of major interest.
(PJF: Poniewaz wiekszosc magistrantow i doktorantow nie placi
za studia "tuition waiver" - cena za studia nie ma wiekszego
znaczenia dla studenta. Mimo to warto rozumiec o co tu chodzi
i ceny maja pewne praktyczne znaczenie - dla profesora.
Za rok studiow swojego studenta
profesor musi placic: $2446 (2 x $1233)
za czlowieka mieszkajacego w Kolorado "Colorado
residents", i $8776 za cudzoziemca "out-of state residents". Tak
nie jest wszedzie. W innych uczelniach "tuition waiver" moze byc
prawdziwym "waiver", innymi slowy, koszty pokrywa uczelnia. Dlatego
na pewnych wydzialach, pewni profesorowie preferuja tubylcow.)
For 1994-95, tuition rates were $1223.00 per semester for
Colorado residents and $4388.00 per semester for out-of-state
residents. Fees were $292.27 per semester plus a computing fee of
$125.00. As noted above, tuition is paid by research grants for
those holding graduate research assistantships. These figures are
subject to change.
(PJF: Studenckie mieszkanie kosztuje $400-$500/miesiac. Wikt kolo $150/miesiac. W praktyce mozna mieszkac za $200-$400 jak sie wynajmuje mieszkanie z innymi studentami.)
Accommodations for single graduate students are available.
Within the city of Fort Collins, rent ranges from $400 to $500
per month for buffet apartments to $600 or more for a furnished
house. There is limited campus housing for married students. In
1994-95, a two-bedroom unit rented for $425-$575 per month, and a
three-bedroom unit rented for $522-$650 per month, including
utilities, local telephone service, and cable TV. These figures
are subject to change.
(PJF: Colorado State University jest wielkosci Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Jest w nim ("enrollment") 21,5000 studentow. "Graduate" to znaczy zarowno M.S. jak i Ph.D; w sumie jest ich kolo 90. Warto zauwazyc, ze wydzial nie szkoli wcale "undergraduate" czyli nie ma podstawowych studiow z fizyki atmosfery w Colorado State University. Ale na calej uczelni jest 21,500-3,500 "undergraduates", czyli zwyklych studentow.)
The total enrollment at Colorado State University is
approximately 21,500 regular, on-campus students, of whom about
3,500 are graduate students. About 90 students are enrolled in
the graduate program in atmospheric science.
(PJF: 100,000 ludzi czyli male miasto).
Fort Collins, a college community with a population of
approximately 100,000, is located 65 miles north of Denver. The
rolling green foothills west of the city are accentuated by a
backdrop of the Rocky Mountains. The climate is mild throughout
the year, with a summer temperature ranging from an average high
of 82 degrees to an average low of 52 degrees; the winter
temperature ranges from an average high of 41 degrees to an
average low of 13 degrees. Over 55 inches of snow fall in an
average winter season while the summers have frequent
thunderstorms. Numerous recreational and cultural activities are
available. Fort Collins offers symphony and community concert
series, a fine arts festival, a city- owned museum, an olympic
sized natatorium/ice rink complex, art league exhibits, and
theater. In addition, visiting campus speakers are frequently
invited to lecture on a variety of subjects, ranging from
engineering science to poetry. Horsetooth Reservoir (on the
western edge of Fort Collins), Cache La Poudre River Canyon, and
Red Feather lakes, as well as Rocky Mountain National Park, are
nearby summer recreation centers for swimming, fishing, boating,
and hiking. Cross-country and downhill skiing are within a 1 1/2
hour drive to the west.
(PJF: Zalozone w 1870, czyli starsze od Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. "Land-grant college" znaczy, ze to byla na poczatku uczelnia rolniczna. Jest duza roznica miedzy uczelniami "stanowymi" i prywatnymi. Uczelnie stanowe takie jak Colorado State lub University of California, musza przyjmowac duza liczbe studentow z danego stanu, oplaty za studia sa mniejsze dla ludzi ze stanu. Uczelnie prywatne, takie jak Stanford, Princeton, Yale so duzo drozsze, ale to tez nie ma znaczenia w naukach scislych, bo i tak placi profesor).
CSU, founded in 1870 as a land-grant college, now has three
campuses. The main campus, covering more than 400 acres, is
located about half a mile south of the Fort Collins business
district; the Foothills research campus of 1,700 acres is located
4 miles west of the main campus; and the Pingree Park campus is
located high in the mountains 55 miles west of Fort Collins.
(PJF: Czyli zeby sie dostac do wydzialu trzeba juz miec ukonczone studia z geofizyki, matematyki, chemii, fizyki, meteorologii, lub skonczyc wydzial politechniczny. Nalezy papiery wyslac 6 miesiecy przed planowanym poczatkiem studiow. Nalezy zdac TOEFL - test na umiejetnosc angielskiego, i GRE - taki test na inteligencje. Tak, ze w praktyce dostanie sie na uczelnie to dosc dlugi proces, ale mozliwy. Nalezy wyslac papiery do kilku uczelni).
Students applying for admission to the atmospheric science
program should have a B.S. degree in meteorology, physics,
geophysics, mathematics, chemistry, or engineering. Further
information and application forms may be obtained from the
Department of Atmospheric Science. Completed forms should be
filed six months before the date on which the applicant wishes to
be admitted. Applications for financial aid should be filed by
March 1 for consideration for the fall semester.
Dr. Stephen K. Cox, Head
Department of Atmospheric Science
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
Telephone: 303-491-8360 FAX: 303-491-8449
(PJF: To jest, jak widac, lista profesorow. Czym wydzial lepszy tym bardziej znani ludzie w nim pracuja. Profesorowie dziela sie na trzy typy: "assistant", "associate", i "full". Tak wiec "assistant professor" nie jest, jak w Polsce, asystentem profesora, ale profesorem. Jasne ?! Profesorowie maja lub nie "tenure", czyli obietnice stalej pracy. Przy kazdym z profesorow jest napisane czym sie zajmuje. To jest wazne dlatego bo profesorowie przyjmuja tylko takich studentow, ktorzy pomoga im w ich pracach badawczych. Najlepiej sprawdzic kadre po tym ile i co publikuje w specjalistycznych czasopismach meteorologicznych.)
PROFESSORS
WILLIAM R. COTTON, PH.D., PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV., 1970. NUMERICAL MODELING, CLOUD PHYSICS AND DYNAMICS, MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY.
STEPHEN K. COX, HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT; PH.D., UNIV. OF WISCONSIN, 1967. ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, REMOTE SENSING, INSTRUMENTATION, CLOUD/CLIMATE STUDIES.
WILLIAM M. GRAY, PH.D., UNIV. OF CHICAGO, 1964. TROPICAL METEOROLOGY, ATMOSPHERIC VORTICES, CUMULUS CONVECTION, MARINE METEOROLOGY.
RICHARD H. JOHNSON, PH.D., UNIV. OF WASHINGTON, 1975. ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION, BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY, SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY.
THOMAS B. MCKEE, COLORADO STATE CLIMATOLOGIST; PH.D., COLORADO STATE UNIV., 1972. CLIMATOLOGY, ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS.
ROGER A. PIELKE, PH.D., PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV., 1973. MESOSCALE MODELING, WEATHER FORECASTING, AIR-QUALITY MODELING.
DAVID A. RANDALL, PH.D., UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES, 1976. GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELING, PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER, CONVECTIVE CLOUD DYNAMICS, CLOUD/CLIMATE STUDIES.
STEVEN A. RUTLEDGE, PH.D., UNIV. OF WASHINGTON, 1983. RADAR AND MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY, PRECIPITATION PHYSICS, ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY.
WAYNE H. SCHUBERT, PH.D., UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES, 1973. DYNAMIC AND THEORETICAL METEOROLOGY, PARAMETERIZATION OF CUMULUS CONVECTION, CLOUD/CLIMATE STUDIES, MARINE METEOROLOGY.
GRAEME L. STEPHENS, PH.D., UNIV. OF MELBOURNE, 1977. RADIATION THEORY, RADIATIVE PARAMETERIZATION, CLOUD/CLIMATE STUDIES, REMOTE SENSING.
THOMAS H. VONDER HAAR, PH.D., UNIV. OF WISCONSIN, 1968. SATELLITE METEOROLOGY, RADIATION PHYSICS, GLOBAL CLIMATE. ASSISTANT PROFESSORSJEFFREY
L. COLLETT, JR., PH.D., CALIFORNIA INST. OF TECHNOLOGY, 1989. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS PHASE CHEMISTRY AND CLOUD MICROPHYSICS MEASUREMENTS; GAS AND AEROSOL SCAVENGING, PRECIPITATION, AND DEPOSITION PROCESSES; AIR QUALITY.
SONIA M. KREIDENWEIS, PH.D., CALIFORNIA INST. OF TECHNOLOGY, 1989. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS; EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDIES OF AEROSOL/CLOUD/CLIMATE INTERACTIONS; VISIBILITY.
MICHAEL T. MONTGOMERY, PH.D., HARVARD UNIV., 1990. DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY, TROPICAL CYCLONES; APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
(PJF: "equal opportunity" znaczy, ze wszyscy moga ubiegac sie o bycie studentem/pracownikiem niezaleznie od wieku, koloru)
Colorado State University is an equal opportunity employer and complies
with all federal and Colorado state laws, regulations, and executive orders
regarding affirmative action requirements. The Office of Equal Opportunity
is located in Room 314, Student Services Building.
(PJF: jak widac czesc wiadomosci mozna dostac przez network).
Please direct any questions to Jane Wilkins; jwilkins@vines.colostate.edu